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Harlem Meer ("meer" is Dutch for "lake") occupies the northeast corner of New York City's Central Park, in a section of park that was added to the original site, which had originally ended at 106th Street. It lies north of the Conservatory Garden, with a meandering shoreline that wraps around the bluff that contains the Blockhouse, the remains of gun emplacements erected for the War of 1812, which never saw action. Today Harlem Meer has been reduced to and 1.2 kilometers (3/4 mile) circumference by the construction of Lasker Rink and Pool in 1966, for summer swimming and winter ice-skating, over its westernmost end. The Meer, as Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux called it, was excavated in the lowest-lying section of the park, a semi-brackish, partly tidal wetland, which drained slowly into the East River; as Harlem Commons〔Harlem Commons was disputed between the City of New York and the heirs of the Harlem freeholders for most of the 18th century. It was divided into house lots and sold in 1825. (James Riker, ''Harlem (City of New York): its origin and early annals'' 1881, p. 472f.〕 It separated the former suburb of Harlem to the north from the lower part of Manhattan Island. To avoid the swamp, the Boston Post Road had detoured westwards into the future park site, rising to cross McGown's Pass.〔("Early New York History: Old Days In Yorkville And Harlem" 1893 )〕 The Meer and its wooded landscape were carried out by Andrew Haswell Green, to Olmsted and Vaux's specifications, from 1861, while Olmsted had been relegated to an advisory capacity. Harlem Meer once again has natural-seeming banks, restored in 1988-93 after a 1940s concrete curbing was removed, and the Meer was cleaned of of sediment and debris〔(Central Park Conservancy, 1989-92. )〕 and redredged. On its north shore, the Charles A. Dana Discovery Center was constructed, to provide visitor orientation for the north end of Central Park, in a style intended to harmonize with Calvert Vaux's original Victorian park structures. The waterside plaza next to it is the site for the Sunday afternoon Harlem Meer Performance Festival, from mid-June to the first week of September. Catch-and-release fishing is a favorite summertime occupation along the Meer's banks. Besides the usual yellow perch and crappies anglers have reported catches of the predatory Asian northern snakehead, ''Channa argus'', a notoriously invasive species.〔("'Fishzilla' loose in Central Park lake" ); accessed 5 May 2013.〕 An island in the Meer provides a retreat for waterfowl, particularly black-crowned night herons. The meer also has a resident population of muskrats. Ron P. Swegman, fly fishing author, made Harlem Meer a focal point of the essay collection ''Small Fry: The Lure of the Little''.〔(The Whitefish Press, 2009 )〕 The book includes a section titled "Bright Fish, Big Cities",〔http://www.ronpswegman.com/bfbc.html〕 a pun on the New York novel ''Bright Lights, Big City'' by Jay McInerney; it details the Meer's history and describes the experience of fly fishing there in the early 21st century. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Harlem Meer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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